File system protection system based on delayed power-off circuit

The invention relates to a file system protection system based on a delayed power-off circuit, and the system comprises a power module which is connected with the input of an external power supply, supplies power to a vehicle fault prediction and health management system when the external power supply is normal, and is also electrically connected with a super capacitor to charge the super capacitor; the super capacitor is used for discharging when the external power supply has no input so as to supply power to the vehicle fault prediction and health management system; the dynamic power failure detection module is electrically connected with the power supply module and the super capacitor; and the dynamic power failure detection module dynamically adjusts a voltage threshold for judging power failure according to the discharge current condition of the super capacitor, and when the dynamic power failure detection module detects that the voltage is smaller than the threshold, the power failure of the external po