Rock-soil deformation monitor, system and measuring method based on optical fiber sensor

The invention discloses a rock-soil deformation monitor, system and measuring method based on an optical fiber sensor, and relates to the technical field of rock-soil and mineral engineering overlying rock deformation monitoring. According to the rock-soil deformation monitor, firstly, deformation displacement of rock-soil is converted into baffle displacement in the horizontal direction, then the baffle displacement is converted into rotation of a first magnetic gear and a second magnetic gear, namely a large gear and a small gear, and the original displacement can be amplified or reduced through coaxial rotation of the large gear and the small gear; original horizontal displacement is converted into vertical displacement of the hollow metal rod, and the ratio of the horizontal displacement to the vertical displacement is equal to the ratio of the radius of the first magnetic gear to the radius of the second magnetic gear. The vertical displacement of the hollow metal rod end is further obtained through the