Coaxiality measuring device and measuring method based on light beam detection positioning

The invention discloses a coaxiality measuring device based on light beam detection positioning. The coaxiality measuring device is structurally characterized in that a first guide rail is mounted on a first multi-dimensional adjusting table, a collimation light source is mounted on the first guide rail, a second guide rail is mounted on a second multi-dimensional adjusting table, and an imaging CCD is mounted on the second guide rail; the first multi-dimensional adjusting table is mounted on a to-be-measured shaft I, and the second multi-dimensional adjusting table is mounted on a to-be-measured shaft II; the collimation light source is moved to the first position, the first shaft to be measured is rotated, and the imaging CCD records the first light spot center position; moving the collimation light source to a position II, rotating the shaft I to be measured, and recording the central position II of the light spot by the imaging CCD; the axis position of the to-be-measured shaft I is calculated through the