Image foreground and background segmentation method and system based on sparse decomposition and image Laplacian regularization

The invention discloses an image foreground and background segmentation method and system based on sparse decomposition and image Laplacian regularization. Firstly, an image is divided into a plurality of non-overlapping image blocks; establishing an image foreground and background segmentation model according to the image blocks; according to the method, an image segmentation problem is divided into a plurality of sub-problems, the sub-problems are solved in an iteration mode, and finally, a solution of the problem is obtained after iteration; and the obtained solutions are subjected to matrix processing and then are integrated to obtain a foreground image, namely the foreground image of the whole image. Compared with the existing image foreground and background segmentation method, the image foreground and background segmentation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the smooth background region is better represented by using the linear combination of the image Fourier basis functions. In