Device and method for simulating and measuring hydraulic action of different stratums of underground station

The invention discloses a device for simulating and measuring hydraulic actions of different stratums of an underground station, which comprises a reinforced concrete test pool, a steel inner cylinder is vertically arranged in the middle of the test pool, a first blind ditch is arranged below the test pool, a second blind ditch is arranged on the outer side of the test pool, and the two blind ditches are communicated with the outside of the test pool through corresponding drain pipes and water level pipes; a plurality of sensor arrangement planes are vertically arranged in a soil body of the test pool at intervals, and a plurality of osmometers and soil pressure meters are arranged in each sensor arrangement plane; the bottom of the steel inner cylinder is connected with a buoyancy testing bottom plate through a bottom plate connecting assembly, a plurality of pressure sensors and displacement sensors are arranged on the buoyancy testing bottom plate, the bottom of a steel structure support in the steel inner