Reversible pole decomposition method of backscattering Mueller matrix

The invention discloses a reversible polar decomposition method of a backscattering Mueller matrix, which comprises the following steps of: 1, converting the backscattering Mueller matrix into a symmetric matrix QM according to the relation between a forward and backward path dichroism matrix and a phase delay matrix by reversible polar decomposition of the backscattering Mueller matrix; step 2, obtaining a dichroism matrix MD1 through the QMG matrix; step 3, obtaining characteristic values and corresponding characteristic vectors through orthogonal decomposition; 4, sorting the feature vectors to obtain a depolarization matrix M [delta] d and a phase delay matrix MR1; 5, polarization parameters are obtained through the obtained depolarization matrix M delta d and the phase delay matrix MR1, a system scheme of back scattering Mueller matrix decomposition is given for the first time in the method, and the polarization parameters (such as the azimuth angle, the phase delay and the depolarization coefficient) re