Aluminum alloy special-shaped plate floating pull-down chuck and clamp

The invention provides an aluminum alloy special-shaped plate floating pull-down chuck which comprises a chuck body, a supporting seat, an inclined guide column, a clamping block, a piston rod, an air cylinder push plate and the like, a cylinder hole is formed in the center of the chuck body, the piston rod is located in the cylinder hole and can slide up and down, and a convex spherical surface is arranged on the lower portion of the piston rod. A concave spherical surface on the push plate is matched with a convex spherical surface at the lower part of the piston rod; a push plate groove and a spring piece installation groove are formed in the lower portion of the inclined guide column, the periphery of the push plate protrudes outwards and stretches into the push plate groove of the inclined guide column, and the spring piece is placed in the spring piece installation groove and supports the air cylinder push plate. The invention further provides an aluminum alloy special-shaped plate machining clamp provi