Switching type interference zero optical path positioning device and method

The invention discloses a switching type interference zero-optical-path positioning device, and relates to the technical field of optical mechanical devices, the switching type interference zero-optical-path positioning device comprises a light source, a beam splitter, a static reflector, a movable reflector and a photoelectric detector, the light source can generate collimated infrared light, a filter switching mechanism is arranged between the light source and the beam splitter, and the photoelectric detector is arranged between the light source and the beam splitter. The filter switching mechanism is used for switching infrared band-pass filters, visible light cut-off filters or infrared light sources with different bandwidths to the position of an infrared light path, the invention further provides a switching type interference zero-optical-path positioning method, the infrared band-pass filters are used for changing the range of a transmission spectrum, and the infrared band-pass filters, the visible lig