Tri-or penta-hetero [n] helicene electron donor material and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a tri-or penta-hetero [n] helicene electron donor material and a preparation method and application thereof.The electron donor material takes azabowl-ene as an inner core, the edge of the inner core is symmetrically connected with 4 or 5 aromatic ring pyrene structural units, the adjacent aromatic ring pyrene structural units and the edge of the inner core form single [n] helicene, and the tri-or penta-hetero [n] helicene is contained in total. The preparation method is simple and effective, the process is easy to control, and the synthesized hetero [n] helicene molecule with the triple or quintuple structure has high stability and can be used as an electron donor material of an organic solar cell, so that the stability and efficiency of the organic solar cell are improved. 本发明公开了一种三或五重杂[n]螺烯电子给体材料及其制备方法和应用，所述电子给体材料以氮杂碗烯为内核，内核边缘对称连接4或5个芳环并芘结构单元，相邻的芳环并芘结构单元与内核边缘构成单重[n]螺烯，总共包含三或五重[n]螺烯。本发明的的制备方法简单有效，过程易于控制，所合成的具有三或五重结构的杂[n]螺烯分子具有较高稳定性，可用作有机太阳能电池的电子给体材料，从而提高有机太阳能电池的稳定性与效率。