Solid material online analysis device capable of switching light paths and analysis method

The invention discloses a solid material online analysis device capable of switching light paths and an analysis method. The solid material online analysis device comprises an LIBS system, a switching module, a measurement chamber and a signal collection module, laser emitted by a laser of the LIBS system is in contact with an object in the measuring chamber through a dichroscope in the switching module, and after plasma is generated, the plasma is collected by the signal collecting module; the measuring chamber comprises a particle flow measuring chamber and a tablet measuring chamber; and the switching module is positioned between the LIBS system and the measuring chamber and is used for switching a light path formed by laser of the LIBS system between the particle flow measuring chamber and the tablet measuring chamber, so that the detection of the particle flow and the detection of the sample tablet are realized. The device is provided with the switching module for switching the light path, so that the la