Sea ice freeboard estimation method and system based on aviation laser altimetry

The invention provides a north pole sea ice freeboard estimation method and system based on aviation laser altimetry data. The method comprises the steps of processing the aviation laser altimetry data, extracting parameters of laser foot points on a route, carrying out tide correction on the laser altimetry data, and calculating the residual elevation of the laser foot points. According to the surface reflectivity, identifying the inter-ice water channel, and extracting a laser foot point in the inter-ice water channel; calculating the local sea surface height, removing the laser foot points in the abnormal inter-ice water channel according to the large step length, extracting a plurality of points with the minimum residual elevation values of the laser foot points in the inter-ice water channel according to the small step length, and taking the average residual elevation value as the local sea surface height of the section; for the segment without the inter-ice water channel, the local sea surface height is