Bolt fastening axial tensile stress detection and calibration method and device

A bolt fastening axial tensile stress detection and calibration method is used for calibrating an ultrasonic detection device and comprises the following steps: controlling a motor to drive a bolt to rotate; a torque sensor is controlled to obtain the torsional moment of a nut in threaded connection with the bolt when the bolt is subjected to the axial tensile stress; a first tensile stress value of axial tensile stress borne by the bolt is obtained according to the torsional moment; and calibrating the ultrasonic detection device according to the first tensile stress value. In this way, the bolt is driven by the motor to rotate, so that the nut generates torsional moment, and the bolt generates axial tensile stress. Therefore, the influence of manual loading of the torsional moment on the axial tensile stress detection precision can be avoided, the precision of the first tensile stress value obtained according to the torsional moment is improved, and the precision of calibrating the ultrasonic detection devi