Electric power foundation pit construction environment monitoring device and monitoring method

The invention relates to the technical field of electric power foundation pit monitoring, in particular to an electric power foundation pit construction environment monitoring device and method. Comprising a detection rod and a pipe orifice fixing unit, the pipe orifice fixing unit comprises a pipe orifice lantern ring; a second rotating ring is rotationally connected to the outer part of the pipe orifice lantern ring in a sleeving manner; a lantern ring inner cavity is formed in the pipe opening lantern ring, and a plurality of sets of bottom sliding grooves are distributed in the inner wall of the bottom of the lantern ring inner cavity in an annular array mode. The two ends of the bottom sliding groove extend towards the inner walls of the two sides of the inner cavity of the lantern ring correspondingly. An inclinometer limiting mechanism is slidably connected into the bottom sliding groove, an upper lantern ring is installed at one end of the pipe opening lantern ring, the central axis of the pipe openin