Rainwater recharge process for protecting subway structure in complex karst cave area

The invention discloses a dewatering and recharging process for protecting a subway structure in a complex karst cave area. The dewatering and recharging process comprises the following steps that underground water level observation holes are formed, and dewatering wells and drainage ditches are arranged; arranging a recharge well, a water level monitoring well and a water collection and supply precipitation system, wherein the drainage ditch and the recharge well are communicated with the water collection and supply precipitation system; according to the dewatering and recharging process system, water in a dewatering well is pumped and drained to a drainage ditch, water in the drainage ditch is pumped and drained to a water collection and supply precipitation system, the water level is monitored, and when the water level of the periphery of the subway structure declines by 2 m, water is pumped into a recharging well from the water collection and supply precipitation system till the water level recovers to th