Quantitative prediction method for changes of rare animal and plant habitat suitable area along railway

The invention relates to a quantitative prediction method for changes of a rare animal and plant habitat suitable area along a railway, and solves the problems of insufficient species distribution data, lack of a quantitative change prediction method, relatively high evaluation conclusion subjectivity and high working cost in the existing railway ecological environment influence evaluation technology. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring existence point data of species after railway construction through data collection, field investigation and other ways; important environment variable factors are screened from climate variables, topographic variables, man-made interference variables, land utilization variables and hydrological variables, and models are created in ArcGIS Toolbox for batch processing; utilizing a MaxEnt model to predict potential distribution of rare animals and plants along the line before and after engineering construction of the proposed railway under the constraint condition