Self-balancing large-span structure loading test system and test method

The invention discloses a self-balancing large-span structure loading test system and a test method, and relates to the field of engineering structure testing, the self-balancing large-span structure loading test system is characterized in that the self-balancing large-span structure loading test system comprises a fixed support, a sliding support, a balancing inhaul cable, a jack and a large-scale structure, the two ends of the balance inhaul cable are connected with the fixed support and the sliding support respectively, the two ends of the large-scale structure are connected with the fixed support and the sliding support respectively, the balance inhaul cable is pulled, the large-scale structure is pressed, and the jack applies force, so that the tension-compression self-balance testing system is formed. According to the invention, the defect that a laboratory and a large special fixed reaction wall and a reaction frame are needed in a common large structure test is overcome, so that the large structure te