Robot with visual positioning function and positioning method

The invention discloses a robot with a visual positioning function and a positioning method. The robot comprises a main body, the main body comprises a control module, an IMU module, a speedometer, a camera and a light supplementing lamp, the control module is connected with the IMU module, the speedometer, the camera and the light supplementing lamp, the control module is used for controlling the IMU module, the speedometer, the camera and the light supplementing lamp to acquire data and processing the acquired data, the IMU module is used for acquiring IMU data, the speedometer is used for acquiring speedometer data, the camera is perpendicular to the ground, is arranged downwards and is used for acquiring an image of a walking surface of the robot, and the light supplementing lamp is arranged beside the camera, and is used for providing illumination to enable the camera to obtain clear images. According to the invention, the camera and the light supplementing lamp work together, so that the same effect as