Bridge substructure rapid construction system and construction method

The invention discloses a bridge substructure rapid construction system and a construction method, and relates to the field of bridge engineering, the bridge substructure rapid construction system comprises a prefabricated cover beam and a prefabricated pipe pile, a cover beam opening is formed in the prefabricated cover beam, the prefabricated pipe pile adopts pile-column integrated design, a pipe pile opening is formed in the prefabricated pipe pile, and the pipe pile opening is formed in the prefabricated pipe pile; and the hole of the pipe pile opening is in butt joint with the hole of the cover beam opening of the prefabricated cover beam, a reinforcement cage composed of the vertical steel bar and the spiral stirrup is placed in the hole of the pipe pile opening and penetrates through the hole of the cover beam opening, and inner pouring concrete is poured for connection. Concrete pouring is used for forming a whole, construction is convenient, and the requirements for construction precision and groutin