Adjustable multi-tooth opening and closing type mechanical pusher dog for automatic coal gangue sorting and shifting method

The invention discloses an adjustable multi-tooth opening and closing type mechanical pusher dog for automatic coal gangue sorting. The adjustable multi-tooth opening and closing type mechanical pusher dog comprises a flange; a pusher dog assembly which is rotationally connected with the flange and is provided with a plurality of pusher dogs rotationally connected with the flange and arranged in the circumferential direction of the flange; an opening and closing assembly which is arranged below the flange and is provided with a rotatable drive plate, the drive plate driving the pusher dogs to rotate when rotating so as to increase or decrease the included angle between every two adjacent pusher dogs; and an adjusting assembly which is arranged below the opening and closing assembly and abuts against the pusher dogs to push the pusher dogs to be away from or close to the flange, so as to increase or decrease the rotation radius of the pusher dogs. The opening and closing assembly is used for driving the pusher