LPG-based seawater surface layer temperature sensor, temperature measurement system and method

The invention discloses an LPG-based seawater surface layer temperature sensor, a temperature measurement system and method, and relates to the technical field of marine environment monitoring and investigation. The temperature sensor comprises an optical fiber which is axially wound at equal intervals and bonded to the positioning rod, a plurality of LPGs are written on the optical fiber at equal intervals, one end of the optical fiber is connected with an integrated demodulation module on the deck, and the end face of the other end of the optical fiber is plated with a reflecting film. The temperature measurement system comprises a data processing module located on a deck, an integrated demodulation module, a load-bearing optical cable and the seawater surface layer temperature sensor, the integrated demodulation module comprises a light source and a wavelength demodulation module, and the integrated demodulation module is connected with an optical fiber of the seawater surface layer temperature sensor thro