Data protection method of solid state disk, and solid state disk

The invention discloses a data protection method of a solid state disk, and the solid state disk. The solid state disk comprises a flash memory. The data protection method comprises the following steps: obtaining to-be-processed data currently received by the flash memory when the solid state disk is abnormally powered down; carrying out error correction processing on error data in the to-be-processed data to obtain error correction data; copying the error correction data to a cache protection area preset in the flash memory as backup data; establishing an L2P table according to valid data in the backup data; and copying effective data in the backup data into the flash memory to serve as recovery data after the solid state disk is powered on. The effective data are all data before the first data which cannot be corrected in the error correction processing. After the solid state disk is restarted due to abnormal power failure, the error data is stored in the stable storage area after being subjected to error c