Shipborne carbon dioxide capture and storage device and method

The invention discloses a shipborne carbon dioxide capture and storage device and a method, which are used for solving the problem of greenhouse gas emission in ship transportation, the shipborne carbon dioxide capture and storage device comprises a ship end system and a shore end system, the ship end system comprises a decarburization tower, a circulating pool, a solid-liquid separator, a spray dryer and a storage tank; the shore end system comprises a calcining furnace, a compressor and a hydration reactor. Ship waste gas enters the decarburization tower and is captured by mixed absorption liquid composed of amino acid salt and magnesium hydroxide, the absorption liquid is subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain an amino acid salt solution which is reused in the circulating pool, and a product obtained through separation is magnesium carbonate solid and is stored in the storage tank after spray drying. When the ship arrives at the shore, the magnesium carbonate solid is transferred to the calcining f