Laser rock breaking testing method and system

The invention discloses a laser rock breaking testing method and system, the system comprises an optical experiment platform, an experiment cavity, a laser generation device, a detection device and a clamping simulation system, the optical experiment platform is provided with an experiment table, the experiment table can move along the height direction of the optical experiment platform, and a rectangular rock sample is placed on the experiment table. The experiment cavity is arranged on the optical experiment platform and enables the rectangular rock sample to be located in the experiment cavity, the detection device is arranged in the experiment cavity, the laser generation device comprises an optical fiber laser and an optical fiber collimation focusing head connected with the optical fiber laser, and the optical fiber laser is used for emitting laser with different powers. The rock breaking process of the laser under the action of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powe