Drainage pipeline monitoring system capable of realizing leakage point positioning based on distributed optical fibers

The invention discloses a drainage pipeline monitoring system capable of realizing leakage point positioning based on distributed optical fibers, and belongs to the technical field of pipeline leakage detection. The drainage pipeline monitoring system comprises a temperature measurement host, temperature-sensing optical fibers, a heating module, an optical fiber detection module and a server, the number of the temperature-sensing optical fibers is N, the N temperature-sensing optical fibers are divided into a parallel optical fibers and b winding optical fibers, the a parallel optical fibers are evenly arranged along the outer side of the pipeline, the b winding optical fibers are wound around the pipe wall in a spiral winding mode, when b is larger than or equal to 2 and is an even number, half of the winding optical fibers are wound around the pipe wall anticlockwise, and the other half of the winding optical fibers are wound around the pipe wall clockwise; and when b is larger than or equal to 2 and is an