Preparation method and application of catalyst for preparing 1,3-butadiene from ethanol

The invention discloses a preparation method of a catalyst for preparing 1,3-butadiene from ethanol, wherein the catalyst is composed of metal oxides and a molecular sieve, the metal oxides are ZnO and Y2O3, and the molecular sieve is a B-beta molecular sieve. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing the B-beta molecular sieve; pickling to remove boron; and dipping metal: carrying out equivalent-volume dipping by adopting a mixed solution of zinc nitrate and yttrium nitrate, stirring, standing, drying and roasting to obtain the catalyst. And after the B-beta molecular sieve is prepared, alkali treatment is carried out to remove boron. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses an application of the catalyst obtained by the preparation method in preparation of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol. When the catalyst prepared by the method is used for preparing butadiene from ethanol by a one-step method, the process is simple, the ethanol conversion rate is high, the butadiene selectivity is high, and