Visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation and shield simulation test method

The invention discloses a visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation and a shield simulation test method implemented by adopting the visualization device. The visualization device comprises a model box, a tunnel excavation device, a supporting and adjusting system and a monitoring system; according to the tunnel excavation device, printing and segment splicing are reduced in equal proportion through a 3D printing technology; shield excavation is simulated through a supporting table and a jack in the supporting and adjusting system; and shield driving is simulated after a hole digging device and a segment lining are assembled. The monitoring system in the device adopts an optical fiber strain sensing technology, wireless transmission, automatic processing and visualization of monitoring data are achieved, and through combination of an adjusting plate and different functional modules, simulation of a shield crossing process and a tunnel operation process und