Multi-core microstructure optical fiber for distributed sensing system

The invention discloses a multi-core microstructure optical fiber for a distributed sensing system, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The optical cable comprises a multimode fiber core arranged at the central position of the optical fiber; at least one single-mode fiber core arranged at a non-central position of the optical fiber; an air hole, through which the multimode fiber core is separated from the at least one single-mode fiber core; and a cladding which coats the peripheries of the multimode fiber core, the at least one single-mode fiber core and the air hole. The optical fiber has the advantages that the optical fiber is provided with the multimode fiber core and the single-mode fiber core at the same time, distributed sensing of DTS and DAS is achieved in the same optical fiber, energy coupling between different fiber cores in the optical fiber is effectively controlled, and it is guaranteed that loss is low during multimode and single-mode long-distance transmission in the