Shield cutterhead system capable of adjusting aperture ratio in real time and control method of shield cutterhead system

The invention discloses a shield cutterhead system capable of adjusting the aperture ratio in real time and a control method of the shield cutterhead system, and relates to the technical field of shield cutterheads. The shield cutterhead system comprises a cutterhead, a plurality of main spokes are arranged in the cutterhead, cutters are installed on the outer sides of the main spokes, an opening is formed between every two adjacent main spokes, the inner side of each main spoke is provided with a standby spoke, the standby spokes and the main spokes are installed in a sliding mode, each standby spoke moves in the range of an opening close to the standby spoke, and hydraulic pushers are arranged between the standby spokes and the main spokes. By adjusting the positions of the standby spokes on the cutterhead, the standby spokes are pushed out, and then part of space can be shielded, that is, the aperture ratio of the cutterhead is reduced, when the soil texture changes, the whole shield cutterhead does not ne