Rare-earth-based aerogel composite material, preparation method and application thereof

The invention relates to the technical field of aerogel, in particular to a rare earth-based aerogel composite material, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the rare-earth-based aerogel composite material comprises the following steps: dissolving rare-earth inorganic salt in silica sol, adding a basic catalyst, and preparing a rare-earth-based silica gel, wherein the mass ratio of the rare-earth inorganic salt to the silica sol is (5-30):100; compounding fiber with the rare earth-based silica gel through impregnation to prepare fiber-reinforced rare earth-based silica gel; aging the fiber-reinforced rare-earth-based silica gel, and carrying out supercritical drying to prepare the rare-earth-based aerogel composite material, wherein the rare earth inorganic salt is one or two of chlorinated rare earth salt and sulfuric acid rare earth salt. The rare earth-based aerogel composite material solves the problem that a traditional thermal insulation material loses efficacy under h