Cold region rice spring-ploughing-free dry direct seeding cultivation method

The invention discloses a cold region rice spring-ploughing-free dry direct seeding cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: after previous crops are harvested, when the water content of soil is reduced to 30% or below, autumn soil preparation is performed by using a rotary cultivator in time, and a base fertilizer is applied according to a conventional high-yield dry direct seeding cultivation technology before autumn soil preparation; in spring, land preparation is not performed any more, an early-maturing, density-tolerant, cold-tolerant and lodging-resistant rice variety with the number of main stem leaves being 1-2 fewer than that of a rice transplanting and cultivating variety mainly planted in the local place is selected, and seeds obtained after coating, seed soaking and germination accelerating are directly and evenly scattered on the field surface through an airplane; after sowing, a water layer of 3-5 cm is immediately irrigated, and 1200-1800 ml of a microcapsule suspension he