Method for carrying out sensitive SERS detection on micro-plastic by using gold assembled sponge with bowl-shaped structure

The invention discloses a method for carrying out sensitive SERS detection on micro-plastics by using gold assembled sponge with a bowl-shaped structure. According to the method, a sponge substrate is modified, the modified sponge substrate is coated with gold nanoparticles through a layer-by-layer assembly method, the sponge substrate of the gold assembly part has an enrichment effect, the pore diameter can be adjusted, and micro-plastic can be rapidly detected and analyzed in situ without sample pretreatment. According to the present invention, the micro-plastic in water is detected on the gold-assembled sponge base material, the Raman signal is significantly enhanced, the SERS sensitivity on the Raman detection spectrum reaches the detection limit of 0.1 nM, and the application prospect is broad. The preparation method of the gold assembled sponge is simple, low in cost and high in repeatability, is an environment-friendly and green preparation method, and provides a new development thought for a trace det