Rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device and method for multi-layer material shearing

The invention discloses a rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device and method for multi-layer material shearing. The testing device comprises a testing frame, horizontal displacement loading devices, a vertical displacement loading device and an impact disturbance device, wherein the horizontal displacement loading device and the vertical displacement loading device are arranged in the testing frame, the impact disturbance device is arranged outside the testing frame; the vertical displacement loading device is used for placing a plurality of layers of test samples and applying vertical loading force to the test samples; the two horizontal displacement loading devices which are adjacent to each other in a vertical direction apply horizontal loading forces in opposite directions to a corresponding sample through supporting rods and loading rods on the horizontal displacement loading devices, and axial cavities for the supporting rods to slide are formed in the side walls of the testing