Spatio-temporal data index construction and query method and system, and database system

The invention belongs to the technical field of spatio-temporal data storage and management, and discloses a spatio-temporal data index construction and query method and system and a database system. The spatio-temporal data index construction and query method comprises the steps of conducting TD-Hash coding t time-space point data needing to be stored according to four different time granularities; taking the TD-Hash codes with four different time granularities as keywords respectively, and storing the spatial point elements in the NoSQL database in a redundant manner; when space-time range query is carried out on space-time point element data stored in the NoSQL database, converting a query condition into a plurality of TD-Hash coding intervals, generating a corresponding Scan query for each group of TD-Hash coding intervals, and then carrying out fine filtering to obtain a final query result. According to the method, the time query range is decomposed into a plurality of sub-ranges with different lengths i