Sediment collecting device and method used in shield tunnel construction process

The invention discloses a sediment collecting device and method used in the shield tunnel construction process. One end of a bottom rod is fixedly connected with a bottom plate, mud baffles are symmetrically connected to the positions, on the two sides of the bottom rod, of the bottom plate through shafts, and the rotating direction of the mud baffles is parallel to the bottom plate; the lower end of a positioning rod is connected with the other end of the bottom rod, and a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the positioning rod in the length direction of the positioning rod; a top rod comprises a first rod piece and a second rod piece, the first rod piece and the second rod piece are connected to be in a V shape, the connecting part of the first rod piece and the second rod piece is connected with the bottom rod through a shaft, and the rotating direction of the top rod around the connecting shaft is perpendicular to the bottom plate; clamping pins used for being clamped in the clamping grooves are a