Basement retaining wall drainage and pressure reduction system

The invention discloses a basement retaining wall drainage and pressure reduction system. The basement retaining wall drainage and pressure reduction system comprises a basement separated by a retaining wall and a backfill pit dug in original earthwork, vertical water collecting pipes which are evenly distributed are arranged in the backfill pit, water filtering pipe covers are arranged at pipe openings of the water collecting pipes, the pipe bottoms of all the water collecting pipes communicate with one another and are connected to the water drainage pipes penetrating out of the backfill pit, and a water drainage pump is arranged on the water drainage pipes in the backfill pit; and a high water level sensor and a low water level sensor for monitoring the water level in each water collecting pipe are arranged in the backfill pit, the high water level sensor and the low water level sensor are correspondingly connected with a controller arranged outside the backfill pit through corresponding sensing lines, and