Synchronous polarization observation device and observation method

The invention discloses a synchronous polarization observation device and method, and the device comprises a dual-polarization prism which comprises a first Wollaston prism and a second Wollaston prism disposed beside the first Wollaston prism. The difference between the crystal axis of the first Wollaston prism and the crystal axis of the second Wollaston prism is 45 degrees, and the front end of the first Wollaston prism and the front end of the second Wollaston prism are respectively provided with an optical wedge. The dual-polarization prism is configured in such a manner that a beam of incident light enters the dual-polarization prism through one end, with an optical wedge, of the dual-polarization prism and then can be modulated into four beams of linearly polarized light at the same time. One technical effect of the invention is that three Stokes parameters I, Q and U can be obtained by processing data of one-time exposure, and then the linear polarization degree and the linear polarization angle are c