Laser welding penetration information monitoring equipment for optical weak coherence imaging and detection method of laser welding penetration information monitoring equipment

The invention discloses laser welding penetration information monitoring equipment based on optical weak coherent imaging. The laser welding penetration information monitoring equipment comprises an optical machine box assembly, a control main machine assembly, a reference arm assembly, a sample arm assembly and a welding head assembly, wherein the optical machine box assembly and the control main machine assembly are arranged at the bottom of an industrial welding robot, the reference arm assembly is arranged in the middle of the industrial welding robot, the sample arm assembly is arranged on the welding head assembly of the industrial welding robot, and the reference arm assembly and the sample arm assembly are connected through an optical fiber, and the invention further discloses a corresponding monitoring method. Welding head assemblies with different focal lengths and welding working conditions with different defocusing amounts can be adapted through electric adjustment of the reference arm assembly, c