Novel fiber-toughened ceramic-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a novel fiber-toughened ceramic-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The novel fiber-toughened ceramic-based composite material comprises a matrix and a reinforcing and toughening phase, the matrix is a ceramic material, the reinforcing and toughening phase is fiber, the surface of the fiber is provided with a layered RExSiyCz interface layer, and RE comprises Sc, Y and lanthanide elements. The lanthanide element silicon carbide is used as an interface layer of the fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material, and fracture energy absorption mechanisms such as crack deflection, interlayer tearing, interlayer slippage and lamellar crystal wrinkles are generated on an interface by utilizing a unique layered structure of the lanthanide element silicon carbide, so that the expansion of cracks in the composite material can be effectively inhibited, and thus the fracture toughness of the composite material can be effectively improved. The interface