Shot blasting and sand blasting device and construction method

The invention discloses a shot blasting and sand blasting device and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of ship building. The shot blasting and sand blasting device is used for rust removal of a garage ramp on a ship, a binding hole is formed in the higher side of the garage ramp, the shot blasting and sand blasting device comprises a fixing clamping assembly, a rate difference falling protector and a shot blasting machine, the fixing clamping assembly is fixedly mounted on the binding hole, a traction hole is formed in the fixing clamping assembly, traction ropes are arranged at two ends of the speed difference falling protector, the traction rope at one end is connected into the traction hole, and the shot blasting machine is connected with the traction rope at the other end of the rate difference falling protector. The shot blasting machine can remove rust on the garage ramp, when the shot blasting machine is out of control and accelerates to move, the rate difference falling protect