Microwave photon radar detection method and system based on photon sampling and coherent receiving

The invention discloses a microwave photon radar detection method and system based on optical sampling and coherent reception, and the method comprises the steps: modulating optical pulse signals in two polarization states, which are inputted into a polarization multiplexing electro-optical modulator, through a baseband signal and a target echo signal; obtaining a polarization multiplexing optical signal comprising the first transmitting sampling optical signal and the first receiving sampling optical signal; after the polarization state of the polarization multiplexing optical signal is separated, respectively obtaining a second transmitting sampling optical signal and a second receiving sampling optical signal, wherein the second transmitting sampling optical signal is divided into two paths, after one path is subjected to photoelectric conversion, a radar transmitting signal is obtained, and the other path and the received sampling optical signal are sent into a 90-degree optical coupler and are subjected