Logging VSP composite data acquisition system based on optical fiber sensing and acquisition processing method

The invention discloses a logging VSP composite data acquisition system based on optical fiber sensing and an acquisition processing method. The method includes the steps that a distributed optical fiber sensing modulation-demodulation instrument in a logging truck is connected with an optical fiber in the head end of a distributed optical fiber sensing armored photoelectric composite cable near a wellhead; after a logging instrument connected with the tail end of the distributed optical fiber sensing armored photoelectric composite cable is descended to a well bottom, ground seismic sources which are prepared in advance at the wellhead and the periphery are quickly excited in sequence; the underground distributed optical fiber sensing armored photoelectric composite cable and the ground modulation-demodulation instrument rapidly and synchronously acquire whole-well-section vertical seismic profile (VSP) data, whole-well-section temperature data and whole-well-section pressure data; and then the logging instr