Tunnel rail monitoring device based on third rail power supply and monitoring method

The invention discloses a tunnel rail monitoring device based on third rail power supply and a monitoring method. The device is composed of a data receiving module, a moving module, a rail module, a third rail module and a device control system, wherein the data receiving module comprises a broadband detector, a high-strength bolt and a high-strength nut; the moving module comprises a moving module controller, a rotating gear and a sliding block; the rail module comprises a moving rail, a gear rail, a third rail groove and a fixing anchor bolt; the third rail module comprises a contact rail, an insulating support, a clamping jaw and a bracket; and the device control system comprises a central control system, a monitoring signal system and a device control system. The invention further discloses a monitoring method based on the rail monitoring device. The device is convenient to install and use, monitoring route planning types are various, the monitoring method can be used for mobile monitoring and fixed-point