Water-rich fault tunnel face water inrush evolution simulation test device and method

The invention discloses a water-rich fault tunnel face water inrush evolution simulation test device and method, and belongs to the field of underground construction engineering simulation. The water-rich fault tunnel face water inrush evolution simulation test device comprises a water pressure loading system, a simulation box body, simulation soil layers laid in the simulation box body in a layered mode, an information monitoring system and a simulation tunnel excavation system. The water pressure loading system firstly adds water into a pressurizing tank and then injects air to achieve a pressure maintaining effect, and constant pressure stability of the information monitoring system is guaranteed; and the information monitoring system comprises a plurality of stress monitoring points, and the stress monitoring points are evenly distributed around the simulated fault and the simulated tunnel and used for monitoring the dynamic deformation process. The device is used for simulating the conversion process amo