Train fire opening fire overflow experiment device and experiment method

One or more embodiments of the invention provide a train fire open fire overflow experiment device and an experiment method. The device comprises a compartment body; an experiment window arranged on the side surface of the compartment body and configured to observe the interior of the compartment body; a ventilation opening formed in the experiment window and configured to be opened when the internal temperature of the compartment body reaches a threshold value; a measuring assembly arranged at the position, corresponding to the ventilation opening, of the outer side of the top of the compartment body and configured to be capable of measuring parameters of overflow fire overflowing through the ventilation opening; and a fire simulation assembly arranged in the compartment body and configured to be capable of simulating a train fire scene. According to one or more embodiments of the invention, a simulated compartment fire environment is established, and opening fire overflow is caused through the ventilation o