Hydraulic anchoring test device and method

The invention discloses a hydraulic anchoring test device. The hydraulic anchoring test device comprises a test sleeve, a plug, a piston, a plugging piece, a connecting pipe, a telescopic pipe and a telescopic shaft, wherein the plug is used for plugging the first end of the test sleeve and comprises an injection hole for injecting pressurized fluid into the test sleeve, the piston is sleeved in the test sleeve and positioned between a hydraulic anchor and the plug, and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the test sleeve, the plugging piece is used for plugging an opening of the end, facing the piston, of the hydraulic anchor, one end of the connecting pipe extends into the test sleeve, and the other end is used for being fixedly connected with a wellhead device, one end of the telescopic pipe fixedly communicates with the end, extending into the test sleeve, of the connecting pipe, the telescopic shaft is sleeved with the test sleeve and can at least move in the direction away from the piston in the axi