Catalyst for preparing isosorbide as well as preparation method and application of catalyst

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparing isosorbide as well as a preparation method and application of the catalyst. The catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by total weight of the catalyst: a) 0.1-50 wt% of niobium or oxide thereof; and b) 50-99.9 wt% of a catalyst support. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: S1, mixing a niobate solution with a catalyst carrier, and then adding a precipitant to obtain a catalyst precursor; and S2, heating the catalyst precursor, and conducting roasting to obtain the catalyst. The active component Nb of the catalyst is located in a molecular sieve carrier skeleton and a pore channel structure, and high dispersion is realized on a molecular sieve carrier. According to the method, the reactionof catalyzing sorbitol dehydration to prepare isosorbide by using the catalyst is efficiently carried out under the conditions of no solvent and reduced pressure, the yield of isosorbide reaches 60% or above, the reaction con