Multi-component seismic data migration imaging method and system

The invention relates to a multi-component seismic data migration imaging method and system. The method comprises steps of determining a background pure wave seismic wave field for each shot; determining an observation pure wave seismic record of each gun; determining a pure wave seismic record residual error according to the observed pure wave seismic record; reversely extending the pure wave seismic record residual error to obtain a pure wave back propagation seismic wave field, solving a background pure wave seismic wave field, and calculating a gradient profile of the iteration; based on the gradient profile, constructing a descent direction profile of the iteration; obtaining a predicted pure wave seismic wave field by using the descending direction profile, and extracting a predictedpure wave seismic record increment; estimating an optimal step length; updating the migration profile and predicting the pure wave seismic record according to the descending direction profile, the pure wave seismic record in