Positioning device and positioning method

The invention provides a positioning device. Problems that an existing positioning device is low in precision and high in cost are solved. The positioning device comprises a plurality of reference identifiers arranged at preset intervals along a preset moving route of a moving object, a distance measuring unit and a processing unit, wherein the distance measuring unit is fixedly installed on the moving object, the moving object moves on the preset moving route, and the distance measuring unit is configured to measure distance information between the moving object and the at least two referenceidentifiers and send the distance information between the moving object and the at least two reference identifiers to the processing unit; and the processing unit is in communication connection withthe distance measuring unit, and is configured to receive the distance information, measured by the distance measuring unit, between the moving object and the at least two reference identifiers, and calculate the absolute posi