Temperature gradient simulation test device and method for aerospace optical fiber cabin penetrating assembly

The invention provides an aerospace optical fiber cabin-penetrating assembly temperature gradient simulation test device and method, and aims to solve the problem that controllable cabin-penetrating assembly temperature gradient simulation test special equipment cannot be provided in the prior art. The temperature gradient simulation test device is based on a thermal vacuum test system, a simulation cabin plate is installed in a thermal vacuum container, the thermal vacuum container is divided into an in-cabin simulation space and an out-cabin simulation space, and a heating temperature control module arranged in the in-cabin simulation space is used for simulating infrared radiation during sun irradiation to heat a connecting assembly; a vacuum cold background in the space is simulated through the vacuum low-temperature module, and a test interface is arranged in the thermal vacuum container through the component performance test module arranged outside the thermal vacuum container totest the temperature gra