Subway rail fastener vibration signal detection device and health assessment method

The invention discloses a vibration signal detection device for an urban subway rail fastener. The vibration signal detection device comprises a piezoresistor, an amplifying and filtering circuit, anA/D conversion circuit, a processor and a display. The method for evaluating the health condition of the rail fastener comprises the following steps of S1, establishing a database of rail fastener vibration signals; S2, collecting vibration signals generated when rail fasteners on a plurality of subway rails work; S3, establishing a BP neural network model; S4, respectively training to obtain a healthy vibration signal BP neural network model, a sub-healthy vibration signal BP neural network model and a dangerous vibration signal BP neural network model; and S5, identifying the type of the vibration signal, and displaying an identification result on a display screen. According to the method, the detected electric signals are screened through the BP neural network, the health condition of the specific rail fastener